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Home > Strategy and prioritised urban structuring elements > Marginalised residential areas > Township economic development > Process
Marginalised residential areas: Township economic development

Process

Step 1

Identify intervention area
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Step 2

Establish the team
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Step 3

Review policies and plans
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Step 4

Collate and examine geospatial data
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Step 5

Engage the community
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Step 6

Plan and conduct fieldwork: Ecosystem surveys
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Step 7

Analyse research findings
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Step 8

Prepare the situational analysis report
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Step 9

Develop and agree TED project opportunities
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Approach
Spatial plans
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Step 1: Identify intervention area
Spatially identify the marginalised township for which township economic development needs to be done for.
Example: Hammanskraal in Tshwane, Gauteng
Step 2: Establish the team
Establish a multi-disciplinary team representing both relevant disciplines (e.g. urban planning, engineering services, local economic development) as well as city strategic project partners (e.g. Cities Support Programme, Department of Small Business Development, funders and NGOs).
Step 3: Review policies and plans
Review policies and plans relevant to the township under consideration, for example:
  • Regional Spatial Development Framework or Local Area Plan
  • Land use management scheme
  • Densification policy
  • Integrated transport plan
  • Any precinct plans for precincts located in the township
  • Master plans for engineering services

Consider the impacts, constraints, opportunities and challenges presented in these plans or the absence thereof, as well as potential conflicts between plans within the study area.
Step 4: Collate and examine geospatial data
Collate, layer and interpret all available geospatial data, for example:
  • Cadastre
  • Land use and zoning data
  • Roads and transport infrastructure
  • Designated spatial structuring elements (nodes, corridors, activity spines etc.)
  • Location of social amenities
  • Networked infrastructure (water, sanitation, electricity and stormwater)
  • Environmental data
  • Building cover data
Step 5: Engage the community
The local community needs to be engaged to understand their needs, fears, aspirations and insights into how to improve the township.  Various methods of community engagement may be employed as appropriate.

An increasingly popular and highly successful method of community engagement is to establish a virtual Imbizo via social media platforms such as Facebook.

This enables a high degree of interaction with a large audience, using methods such as polls to determine community views.
Step 6: Plan and conduct fieldwork: Ecosystem surveys
  • Decide the scope of the ecosystem survey (issues that information needs to be generated on)
  • Decide who will conduct the surveys and recruit. Ideally field teams should be recruited from the local community recruited through the Virtual Imbizos and team should be trained and supported by experienced researchers
  • Decide how the survey will be conducted. This includes how survey results will be captured (on tablets or on paper), as well as who will be interviewed (e.g. business owners and other community stakeholders)
  • Decide where interviews will be conducted. Pilot projects undertaken by the CSP in partnership with metros previously focussed on the following areas with very positive and insightful results:
    • Nodes
    • Precincts
    • High/activity streets
    • Retail hubs
  • Establish a considered timeframe for the research period.

Following are some examples of the outcomes of ecosystem surveys conducted under TED projects of the CSP:

Example 1: Use of business structures by micro-enterprises
Example 2: Top micro-enterprises by gender
Example 3: Distribution of business activities (Micro-enterprises in Precinct Node in New Brighton
Example 4: Business hotspots (sites of business clustering)
Step 7: Analyse research findings
The outcomes of the research should be collated, validated and where possible, the geo-database for the study area updated.  Research results should be presented as appropriate in spatial, graphical and tabular formats to enable findings and conclusions to be made.
Step 8: Prepare the situational analysis report
The situational analysis report should at a minimum present information on the following:
  • The study area, depicted spatially
  • The research methodology employed
  • Population and population dynamics
  • The scope and extent of economic activity in the area, for both formal and informal economic activities
  • Spatial location on business activities and extent of clustering of such activity, also depicted spatially
  • Structures used for business activities and location of these structures, also depicted spatially
  • Land use and zoning
  • Existence and location of engineering and social infrastructure, and the quality thereof
  • Quality of the public realm
  • Social systems and capital
  • Perceptions of crime, crime hotspots and any security arrangements (SAPS, metropolitan police, community forums, security provided by formal business owners)
  • Key issues, needs, concerns, aspirations and suggestions from business owners, consumers and residents
  • State of urban management
Step 9: Develop and agree TED project opportunities

From the situational analysis report, develop and agree TED project opportunities in areas such as: